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    Hello Masaki,<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:006101d045d5$d4f6f790$7ee4e6b0$@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp"
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          lang="EN-US">We determined the structure of an
          enzyme-substrate complex. The substrate of the enzyme contains
          some partially occupied atoms. We were able to calculate the
          occupancies of these atoms using PHENIX_refine.<o:p></o:p></span>
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            lang="EN-US">By the way, I would like to know the
            uncertainties of the occupancies of these atoms. How can I
            estimate the uncertainties? For example, the occupancy of an
            atom was calculated as 0.65; can we write it as 0.65 (+/-
            0.05) or 0.65 (+/- 0.1)? �I know that it is related to
            B-factor and depends on the resolution (number of
            diffraction data per parameters), but I would like to know
            how to estimate (calculate?) the uncertainty.� Could someone
            tell me about this issue?</span><br>
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    </blockquote>
    <br>
    an approximation to what you want can be easily achieved as
    following:<br>
    <br>
    1) create 10-100 structures where occupancies in question are
    perturbed and vary from say 0.1-0.9. Also slightly perturb B-factors
    of atoms that surround these atoms.<br>
    <br>
    2) Refine all these perturbed structures using refinement protocols
    that you usually use (the one used to obtain your final structure).
    Make sure to use sufficient amount of refinement macro-cycles so
    that refinement achieves near-convergence.<br>
    <br>
    3) Extract occupancies in question. They will make some distribution
    and the spread of that distribution will tell you hint you the
    uncertainty.<br>
    <br>
    Pavel� <br>
    <br>
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