Greetings, I have a few structures I am trying to refine that have density for ligands, and I'm having trouble getting phenix to refine them properly. There are two unique scenarios, so I'll go in order of difficulty. 1) There are non-water solvent molecules (i.e. probably PEGs) that are here and there in the structure. I used phenix.elbow with SMILES notation to build the requested ligands and placed / real space refined them into the density using COOT. Now I cannot get phenix to refine the structure, every time I get the message "Number of atoms with unknown nonbonded energy type symbols: XX Please edit the PDB file to resolve the problems and/or supply a CIF file with matching restraint definitions, along with apply_cif_modification and apply_cif_link parameter definitions if necessary. Also note that phenix.ready_set and phenix.elbow are available for creating restraint definitions (CIF files). where XX can be any variation of a number, depending on how I set up the phenix.refine run. This is what I've tried: a) adding the .cif files into my .def file I'm using for refinement parameters b) adding the .cif files on the command line c) running phenix.ready_set to generate .cif files for the unknown ligands and then inputing the .cif files from that on the command line d) running phenix.elbow with --add_all and the pdb to generate .cif files for unknown ligands, then doing as in (c) from the command line None of these seem to get phenix.refine to skip the error mentioned above and start refining. There are 3 different ligands, one of which is repeated 4x, but each has its own chain number in the same chain (I've even tried them each with their own unique chain). Any advice on getting these ligand restraints into phenix so it will happily refine? 2) I have an intramolecular crosslink in another structure, basically I crosslinked two cysteines with 1,3-dichloroacetone, giving a Cys-S-CH2C(=O)CH2-S-Cys linkage. How can I get restraints for this crosslink so it will refine as one covalent chain? So far, I've placed the acetone in between the two Cysteines, but it would be nice for it to be a part of the chain so I can refine it in real space, the density is not so good since the crosslink adds flexibility to the bond as apposed to just a disulfide. Any ideas here? I thought maybe the best way to do it is to just modify one of the cys to contain the extra atoms and call it a new residue, then add bond restraints for the 2nd link, however, then I'm still stuck with the extra hydrogen. Thanks! Geoff -- Geoffrey K. Feld Department of Chemistry 492 Stanley Hall University of California, Berkeley "Vigilia pretium libertatis"