Hi John,

For the "refinement settings" in the phenix.refine graphical interface, will you please let me know when we need to change the parameters in "Refinement target weight..."? And is any rule on how to modify the parameters in "Refinement target weight..."?

normally, you only need to change anything in that department if you think it is necessary. If you don't know or doing sort of "SA vs NCS vs TLS vs twinning" experiments then it's better leave that alone. Enabling weight optimization makes sense if: - you are doing the final round of refinement (say before PDB deposition); - have enough CPU power or happy to wait longer for hopefully better result; - have a strong reason to believe that automatically determined weights are not optimal (for example, Rfree-Rwork gap is too large, or have many geometry outliers, like Ramachandran plot outliers, etc). See also: Improved target weight optimization in phenix.refine http://phenix-online.org/newsletter/CCN_2011_07.pdf All the best, Pavel