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    Hi Tongqing,<br>
    <br>
    can be a number of reasons, including:<br>
    <br>
    - refinement did not converge (need to run more macro-cycles);<br>
    - choice of TLS groups is not optimal;<br>
    - side-chains are partially occupied (need to use partial occupancy
    or model multiple occupancies);<br>
    - see recent discussion on ccp4b about disulfides showing lots of
    residual density.<br>
    <br>
    To tell more I will need to see data and model, focusing on
    residues/ligands in question.<br>
    <br>
    Pavel<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/8/14, 5:32 PM, Zhou, Tongqing
      (NIH/VRC) [E] wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:15C6CC5C94A88E40822C8968710FEEE76F2779@MLBXv04.nih.gov"
      type="cite">
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        <p class="MsoNormal">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal">I am refining one structure at 1.94 A with
          phenix.refine with individual b, TLS, and xyz. The Rwork and
          Rfree are now at 16.1 and 19.8%. But when inspecting the maps,
          I noticed that the sidechain tip of some residues showed
          positive density and the b-factor for those atoms were very
          high while those for the other atoms of the same residues were
          normal; The b-factors for newly added ligands were also not
          refined well showing high b-value and positive density at the
          same time; the disulfide bonds also show positive density and
          high B. The occupancy were all set to 1. <o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal">Please give suggestions. Thanks!<o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Best
            regards,
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Tongqing<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Tongqing
              Zhou, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Staff
            Scientist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Structural
            Biology Section<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Vaccine
            Research Center, NIAID/NIH<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Building
            40, Room 4609B<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
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            Convent Drive, MSC3027<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Bethesda,
            MD 20892<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">(301)
            594-8710 (Tel)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">(301)
            793-0794 (Cell)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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